Counting to Zero: How Caste Census Navigates the Contradiction of Recognition and Annihilation
Paladugula Dhanraj
Paladugula Dhanraj, Research Scholar-OU Hyd, Public Administration, Univ College of Arts and Social Science, Hyderabad (Telangana), India.
Manuscript received on 09 July 2025 | First Revised Manuscript received on 01 August 2025 | Second Revised Manuscript received on 17 February 2025 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 March 2026 | Manuscript published on 30 March 2026 | PP: 7-14 | Volume-5 Issue-3, March 2026 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijssl.A120405010925 | DOI: 10.54105/ijssl.A1204.05030326
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© The Authors. Published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP). This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: This article examines the multifaceted dimensions of the caste census debate in India, exploring the paradoxical nature of counting caste in a society that aspires to transcend caste divisions. Drawing on historical analysis of colonial census operations and contemporary case studies from Bihar and Telangana, the study navigates the complex intersection of social justice imperatives, constitutional principles, and political realities that shape this controversial demographic exercise. The research examines how modern caste enumeration evolved from colonial administrative practices and analyses the methodological, ethical, and legal challenges associated with contemporary efforts to count caste. While proponents argue that comprehensive caste data is essential for evidence-based policy interventions to address persistent socioeconomic disparities, critics contend that such enumeration risks reinforcing the very social divisions it aims to overcome. The article pays particular attention to recent state-level caste surveys and their implications, including the Bihar High Court judgment that reaffirmed constitutional limits on reservation policies despite the availability of demographic data. Through this analysis, the study reveals how caste census initiatives embody a fundamental tension between recognition and transcendence—between acknowledging caste as a persistent social reality requiring measurement and the ultimate goal of creating a society where caste no longer determines life opportunities. The article concludes by proposing a balanced approach that reconciles data collection with constitutional values, emphasising methodological rigour, transparency safeguards, and a multidimensional understanding of social disadvantage that can guide India’s path toward meaningful social equality.
Keywords: Caste Census, Social Stratification, Reservation Policy, Data Privacy, Constitutional Principles, Social Justice and Backwards Classes.
Scope of the Article: Social Science