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# Indian Journal of Social Science and Literature (IJSSL): The IJSSL seeks to publish high-quality, peer-reviewed original articles in Social Science and Literature.

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## Downloads
- [Volume-5 Issue-4, June 2026](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/download/volume-5-issue-4/): Editor-In-Chief
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- [Volume-1 Issue-1, September 2021](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/download/volume-1-issue-1/): Editor-In-Chief

## Portfolio Items
- [D124105040626](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/d124105040626/): The fall of Bashar al-Assad’s government in December 2024 is widely viewed as a crucial turning point in the Syrian conflict. The fall opened a new period of political alignments and regional contestation. In this context, Türkiye has been seen as one of the most crucial external players shaping Syria. This article examines Türkiye’s strategy in post-Assad Syria by analysing the evolution of its geopolitical posture. The article argues that Türkiye has transitioned towards a dual strategy that combines security engagement with political, economic, and institutional mechanisms oriented towards shaping and defining Syria’s postconflict order. Drawing on regional power theory, the article analyses three key dimensions of Türkiye’s evolving posture: security and territorial influence, political and institutional engagement, and economic and reconstruction leverage. The article contends that Türkiye’s approach reflects a pragmatic recalibration rather than a withdrawal, positioning Ankara as the most important actor in determining Syria’s governance and regional alignment in the near future. By moving beyond an intervention-centric analysis, this study contributes to the emerging literature on post-Assad Syria. It offers insights into the changing nature of the influence of the regional powers in the Middle East.
- [B122505021225](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b122505021225/)
- [B122405021225](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b122405021225/): Physical education supports students’ holistic development by promoting teamwork. It is significant for students’ social and emotional development. Through physical activities and sports, students develop cooperation, communication, resilience and self-esteem. Physical exercise helps reduce stress, maintain discipline in their lives, and make them emotionally stronger. Physical education helps students’ social development through teamwork, cooperation, social interaction, building strong bonds, accepting diversity, and respecting all fellow students. Physical education fosters students’ holistic development by improving self-confidence and enhancing cognitive skills.
- [B122305021225](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b122305021225/): Sex education is a fundamental pillar for promoting health, human rights, and social equality. The purpose of thisstudy is to investigate sexuality education in Greece and selected European countries comparatively, highlighting differences in the legal frameworks, content, and implementation. The research was based on a qualitative comparative analysis of official legislative and educational documents, guidelines from international organisations (WHO, UNESCO, IPPF EN, European Parliament), and scientific publications from the period 2015– 2025. Data were collected on the age of initiation, bindingness (mandatory or not), content (biological, social, emotional, rightsbased), teacher training, and observed outcomes (e.g. teenage pregnancy rates). The findings show that Northern and Western European countries(Sweden, the Netherlands, Finland, Denmark, Norway) have developed holistic, mandatory sex education programs that begin in preschool or early school age and combine scientific knowledge with values of respect, consent, and equality. In contrast, Greece and othersouthern or eastern countries present delayed or fragmented implementation, as sex education remains pilot or depends on the teacher. Cultural, religious, and institutional factors limit the uniform implementation and appropriate training of teachers. Comparative analysis clearly shows that programs that start at an early age, are mandatory and include psychosocial skills, achieve a significant reduction in teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases.In contrast, where sex education is fragmented, knowledge gaps and increased risks for adolescents are observed. In conclusion, Greece is called upon to align with European standards by including comprehensive sexuality education in the compulsory curriculum from an early age, with continuous teacher training and students’ accessto reliable information. Such an approach can substantially promote the physical and psychosocial health of young people and build societies based on knowledge, respect and gender equality.
- [B122005021225](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b122005021225/): This study examines the immediate legal, social, and medical repercussions of Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (2022), the U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned Roe v. Wade (1973) and Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992). By removing federal constitutional protection for abortion and returning regulatory power to individual states, the Court’s ruling redefined reproductive rights in the United States. The paper outlines the legal rationale of the majority opinion authored by Justice Samuel Alito, which rejected abortion as a constitutional right under the Fourteenth Amendment, emphasising that it was not “deeply rooted in the Nation’s history and tradition.” It criticizes the Court’s application of stare decisis and its narrow historical interpretation, arguing that the decision disregarded nearly fifty years of established precedent and scientific evidence submitted through amicus briefs by major medical organisations. The essay situates Dobbs within broader political and social contexts, analyzing public opinion polls, the role of “trigger laws” across 26 states, and the growing disparities in healthcare access. Drawing on contemporary reportage and academic commentary, the aim is to demonstrate how the ruling has exacerbated maternal mortality rates, criminalized medical professionals, and disproportionately harmed marginalized women, discriminating on the lines of color and socioeconomic status. The discussion explores global implications, emphasising how Dobbs undermines international reproductive rights recognised by the World Health Organisation. The paper concludes by ascertaining how the Dobbs decision represents a regressive turn in American constitutional and healthcare jurisprudence. It shows how the decision restricts not only reproductive autonomy but also destabilises the ethics of medicine, transparent data gathering processes, and patient care.
- [B121905021225](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b121905021225/): This study presents the concept of the Reelocene epoch, characterised by excessive consumption of short-form videos, or reels, on popular platforms such as TikTok, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat, with a primary focus on Kashmir. The research examines how local youth, observed in educational settings, are captivated by visual media without recognising its infectious influence on local culture and identity formation. This Reelocene commodifies culture, ruptures the localised value system, and incorporates alien cultural elements that render vulgarity and obscenity aesthetically pleasing. The study uses the conceptual frameworks of cultural capital (Bourdieu) and hyperreality (Baudrillard). The research also examines the capacity of reels to engage teenagers effectively while standardising their use as a factor in cultural exclusion and inclusion. The preference for the influencer or celebrity’s verbal expressions, style, and tastes, regarded as culturally superior, contrasts sharply with the local cultural norms, perceived as inferior, and is examined in detail through the observed behaviour of participating students. The study ultimately argues that Reelocene not only endangers culture but also supplants it with its own norms, language, and regulations, posing a threat to the local context.
- [B121605021225](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b121605021225/): The Aata Saata marriage custom in Rajasthan originated as a traditional practice involving the exchange of goods, primarily food items such as wheat (aata) and salt (satta), between the families of the bride and groom. This custom symbolizes the union of two individuals and reflects the social, economic, and cultural dynamics of Rajasthani society. The present study examines the origins, cultural significance, and contemporary relevance of the Aata Saata marriage custom in Rajasthan. It analyses how the practice fosters social relationships, reinforces community bonds, and facilitates the economic and social integration of newlyweds. In recent times, however, the custom has evolved to involve the reciprocal exchange of brides between families. For instance, when a marriage is arranged between a boy and a girl, the bride’s family may require that the groom’s sister marry the bride’s brother. This practice, also referred to as Aata Saata, is now primarily associated with the exchange of girls in marriage. Using qualitative research methods, this study highlights the evolution of the custom and its ongoing significance in contemporary Rajasthani communities.
- [A120805010925](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a120805010925/): From the stage of early childhood, throughout an individual’s life, they need to develop various types of skills and abilities. These are applied in both personal and professional lives. Individuals need to utilise these in a well-organised and regimented manner. Furthermore, they need to lead to the upgradation of traits such as morality, ethics, diligence, and conscientiousness. These are the traits that facilitate success in all types of job duties and responsibilities, as well as achieving desired goals and objectives. Furthermore, individuals will render a significant contribution in meeting the expectations of family members, educators and employers. Hence, within personal lives, as individuals pursue educational programs and implement job duties in various types of employment settings, they need to emphasise the development of different skills and abilities. The individuals carry out this task on their own or obtain help and support from family and community members. Educators and employers are individuals who contribute effectively to the upgradation of various skills and abilities among individuals. Furthermore, honing listening skills facilitates the augmentation of knowledge and understanding adequately. Therefore, it is widely understood that enhancing skills and abilities is crucial for the advancement of individuals and communities. The main concepts considered in this research paper are measures to be implemented in augmenting skills and abilities, as well as the advantages of augmenting skills and abilities.
- [A120405010925](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a120405010925/): This article examines the multifaceted dimensions of the caste census debate in India, exploring the paradoxical nature of counting caste in a society that aspires to transcend caste divisions. Drawing on historical analysis of colonial census operations and contemporary case studies from Bihar and Telangana, the study navigates the complex intersection of social justice imperatives, constitutional principles, and political realities that shape this controversial demographic exercise. The research examines how modern caste enumeration evolved from colonial administrative practices and analyses the methodological, ethical, and legal challenges associated with contemporary efforts to count caste. While proponents argue that comprehensive caste data is essential for evidence-based policy interventions to address persistent socioeconomic disparities, critics contend that such enumeration risks reinforcing the very social divisions it aims to overcome. The article pays particular attention to recent state-level caste surveys and their implications, including the Bihar High Court judgment that reaffirmed constitutional limits on reservation policies despite the availability of demographic data. Through this analysis, the study reveals how caste census initiatives embody a fundamental tension between recognition and transcendence—between acknowledging caste as a persistent social reality requiring measurement and the ultimate goal of creating a society where caste no longer determines life opportunities. The article concludes by proposing a balanced approach that reconciles data collection with constitutional values, emphasising methodological rigour, transparency safeguards, and a multidimensional understanding of social disadvantage that can guide India’s path toward meaningful social equality.
- [A119905010925](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a119905010925/): Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become deeply embedded in daily life, profoundly influencing human cognition and behaviour in both short-term and long-term interactions. This paper synthesises findings from over 20 peer-reviewed studies to examine the multifaceted effects of AI on attention, memory, decision-making, emotional responses, and social behaviour. In the short term, AI enhances efficiency through cognitive offloading and personalized assistance but may impair sustained attention, encourage over-reliance in decision-making, and alter emotional engagement. Long-term exposure raises concerns about neuroplasticity, with studies suggesting potential cognitive atrophy in memory and critical thinking due to reduced active engagement. Additionally, AI-mediated communication may erode social skills and empathy, while habitual dependence could impact mental health and autonomy. Ethical considerations, including algorithmic bias and data privacy, further complicate the societal integration of AI. The review highlights a critical duality: while AI optimizes productivity and learning, unchecked reliance risks diminishing intrinsic cognitive abilities and human connection. Recommendations include balanced AI usage, neuroadaptive strategies, and ethical frameworks to safeguard cognitive and behavioral well-being. Future research must prioritize longitudinal studies to unravel lasting neural and psychological impacts, ensuring AI’s evolution aligns with human flourishing.
- [A12070501925](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a12070501925/): The primary objective of this research paper is to understand the importance of acquiring education. Individuals from all occupations, communities, and socio-economic backgrounds have recognised the meaning and significance of education. Education not only imparts information in terms of academic subjects and lesson plans, but also in terms of the skills necessary for emerging as moral and ethical human beings and productive citizens of the country. In the personal and professional lives of individuals, they are required to utilise various types of competencies and abilities. Hence, by enrolling in educational institutions at all levels and acquiring education, one can contribute effectively to augmenting competencies and skills. Educators are implementing various teaching and learning methods, materials, and instructional strategies in a manner that facilitates the achievement of educational goals and contributes to the improvement of the overall education system. Furthermore, in academic institutions at all levels, information is generated regarding various factors necessary for improving overall personality traits and standards of living. Therefore, it is understood on a comprehensive basis that acquiring education is vital in promoting the enhancement of living conditions. The main concepts considered in this research paper are understanding the meaning and significance of acquiring education, measures to be implemented to facilitate its acquisition, and the advantages of acquiring education.
- [A121105010925](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a121105010925/): India's Digital Public Infrastructure, comprising prominent tools such as Aadhaar, Unified Payments Interface (UPI), Digital Payments, and Digilocker, is collectively referred to as "Stack India". Digital India aims to provide much-needed impetus to the nine pillars of growth sectors, i.e., Broadband Highway, Universal Access to Mobile Connectivity, Public Internet Access Scheme, and electronic administration: Government Reform through Technology, e-Kranti - Providing Electronic Services, Information for All, Electronic Manufacturing, IT for Jobs, and Early Harvest Programs. The term "digital transformation" has become popular to refer to the shift from digitalisation initiatives to a comprehensive overhaul of rules, procedures, and services aimed at simplifying user experiences for residents and frontline employees . The paper's main objectives are to determine the relationship between bureaucratic corruption and digital transformation, and to identify factors that IT experts must adequately address to encourage the use of Digital means. The study shows that digitally connecting and offering services online has been the biggest accomplishment of Digital India. Nowadays, many internet services related to financial inclusion, education, health, and agriculture are accessible nationwide. Initiatives such as eNAM (National Agriculture Market), eSanjivini, DIKSHA (digital infrastructure for knowledge sharing), and Common Service Centres (CSCs) have given India a genuine sense of empowerment. Corruption and a bureaucratic mindset persist as obstacles to digital transformation. It has been observed that corrupt practices persist even after public services were digitised, and that digital services are insufficiently effective in addressing them . It remains challenging to institutionalise new information systems, technologies, norms, practices, and other innovations that enhance planning, governance, operational effectiveness, and service delivery in the public sector. Participation of people in online services, having Knowledge and skills to use online services, significant use of ICT Technologies, IT laws, online Services, infrastructure for online services, and efficiency and transparency in online services increase trust in the Indian Administration. Analysis shows that corruption is prevalent in the public sector. Efficiency and transparency in online services have increased due to digital transformation. People participate less in online services due to network problems, illiteracy, lack of IT skills, and infrastructure challenges. An online survey was conducted using Google Forms to gather data from the education, health, and MSME sectors. The purposive sampling method was used to collect data. Three hundred ninety replies representing the broader population's viewpoint are gathered.
- [D119504040625](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/d119504040625/): Food waste is an increasingly critical issue, particularly in urban households, where it intersects with concerns of food security, environmental sustainability, and public health. In Varanasi, India, a densely populated and culturally diverse city, household food waste presents a unique challenge due to varying socio-economic conditions and traditional food practices. This study focuses on the role of women in managing household food, aiming to understand the types and quantity of food wasted and the socio-behavioural factors contributing to this issue. It further explores how targeted educational interventions can help reduce food waste. The primary objective is to analyse patterns of food waste in Varanasi households and investigate the socio-economic and dietary factors influencing waste generation. Additionally, the study evaluates the effectiveness of educational interventions in reducing food waste and fostering behavioural change. To assess the pre- and post-KABP (Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practices) on food waste among the women in the households (HH) 2. To measure food waste in households. To educate the women of the household on the interconnection between food waste, climate change, food insecurity, and malnutrition. The study involved women aged 18 to 49, including those who were pregnant or lactating, from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. The Kuppuswamy socio-economic scale was used to classify participants, while a structured KABP questionnaire was administered both before and after the intervention. Food waste was measured over three consecutive days using labelled trash bags provided to each household. Participants were then provided with practical information on portion control, reuse of leftovers, and sustainable food practices through handouts and discussions. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse changes in behaviour and food waste patterns before and after the intervention. The study found an average household food waste of 1 kg per day in Varanasi, with lower-middle-class households generating the most due to poor food management. Following the intervention, food waste decreased by 20%, with over 80% of participants showing a decrease improvement in portion control and the reuse of leftovers. However, behavioural changes related to meal planning and composting remained limited, indicating a need for ongoing support and infrastructure development. Socio-economic status emerged as a significant determinant of food waste patterns. Educational interventions effectively increased awareness and reduced food waste by approximately 20%, underscoring the importance of community based efforts. Socio-economic challenges and infrastructural limitations remain barriers. Scalable policies and sustained educational campaigns are necessary for the broader adoption of sustainable practices.
- [D119304040625](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/d119304040625/): Child labour is a significant issue in rural India, where lack of education, social norms, and poverty push children into premature work, depriving them of their rights and opportunities. For many young people, adolescence is marked not by opportunity but by challenges such as poverty, limited access to education, and the burden of premature responsibilities. Although for many children, the transition from infancy to adolescence is often shadowed by financial difficulties and early responsibility, it should be a period of learning, growth, and opportunity. While numerous provisions of the law and international treaties protect children’s rights, millions of children still work in dangerous jobs that take away their fundamental rights to education, health care, and a good upbringing. This study examines the impact of child labour on the physical, mental, and educational well-being of children, using Bagru, Rajasthan, as a case study. Findings highlight safe working conditions, limited access to education, and poor healthcare. Effective policy interventions, improved educational infrastructure, and community support are essential to breaking this cycle and ensuring children’s rights are upheld. At the same time, awareness projects should be established in conjunction with community-driven initiatives to create a lasting impact. A multi-pronged approach is necessary to protect children and secure their future.
- [D117704040625](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/d117704040625/): Organised criminality in its various forms and sizes — mafias, syndicates, criminal gangs, cartels, cybercrime operators exploring internet spaces, or terrorists — has since the new millennium globalised in its operational and organisational structure, warranting the kind of robust scholarly research. Organized crime and terrorism in general have designated the African society with pigmentation of economic disorganization, erosion of moral and social values, and near state failure status. African organised crime, transnational crime, and terrorism are examined in the theoretical context of this work, including the ‘strain of anomie’, subcultures, and social disorganisation theory, to identify similarities in dimensions, culture, structure, and operational methodologies with similar crimes in the developed world. Additionally, to explore the dynamics of safety nets that African states and societies can leverage for their security. The study employed a time series research design and utilised secondary data collection through documentary review research, examining data from published materials such as books, journals, and memoirs. The theoretical study yielded results indicating that terrorism and African organized crimes are products of social structure, which emphasizes economic success – ‘pathological materialism,’ and the erosion of values and legitimate social constraints means to acquiring wealth. Findings also reveal a significant impact of organised crime on governance processes, the rule of law, and the overall economic structure and development. Furthermore, it is discovered to harm the law enforcement and judicial systems of states, especially in issues related to cross-border criminal networks. The study concludes that, besides the synergy of organisation that exists in criminal behaviour among organized crimes and terrorism, African organized crime is incubated within the environment of a poor governance system and social disorientation.
- [A120305010925](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a120305010925/): Caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders, which include Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD), face various challenges. Objective: The study aimed to assess the psychosocial impacts and coping strategies employed by these caregivers. Methodology: For this study, the researcher employed a mixed-methods research strategy and a descriptive research design. Non-probability snowball sampling was used as a sampling method. Using the snowball sampling technique, 100 caregivers of children with SLD were interviewed. Primary data was collected from respondents. The interview was the method of data collection. The collected data were analysed and interpreted in relation to the study’s objective. Findings: A significant majority (83 per cent) reported a ‘markedly increased’ fear. Fifteen per cent experienced a ‘slight increase’ and only 2 per cent reported ‘no change’ in fear regarding their child with SLD. Twenty-three per cent of caregivers experienced a ‘markedly increased’ loneliness. In comparison, 64 per cent of caregivers reported a ‘slight increase’ in the feeling of loneliness, and 13 per cent reported ‘no change’. There was also a significant change in worry about the future due to the child’s poor academic performance. There was also a change in social connectedness, and the respondent also faced social stigma. It was found that the respondents coped with the situation by performing daily puja rituals and withdrawing socially to avoid negative comments.
- [A119805010925](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/a119805010925/): This article assesses China’s evolving role in Africa, examining whether its influence comes from soft Power, complex power strategies, or a combination of both. As China’s demand for resources increases due to its fast-growing economy, the Chinese government has strengthened its engagement in Africa through investments in mining, oil, telecommunications, and infrastructure. These strategies have started a global debate, with critics accusing China of exploiting African resources and imposing neo-colonial debt traps. Employing a dual lens of soft Power and complex strategy, this article investigates China’s diplomatic, educational, and humanitarian initiatives alongside its increasing military and economic presence in the region. It assesses China’s self-presentation as a peaceful and cooperative partner, in contrast to its geopolitical ambitions, which are reflected in military expansion and resource extraction. By underlining China’s multifaceted dominance in cultural exchanges, infrastructure projects, and military operations, this paper examines whether China’s presence in Africa promotes genuine development or imposes its economic and strategic control. The findings suggest that China uses soft and hard strategies to secure its interests in Africa while promoting cooperation. Nonetheless, African nations must exercise caution, considering the long-term implications of their interactions with China.
- [D119404040625](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/d119404040625/)
- [D119204040625](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/d119204040625/)
- [D119104040625](https://www.ijssl.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/d119104040625/)
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